Korea must lower barriers further for foreign science talent (KOR)

International students participate in a giant inflatable ball relay during the 2025 International Student Sports Festival at Daegu University’s Gyeongsan campus on Sept. 26, 2025. According to the Ministry of Education, the number of foreign students in Korea reached 253,000 in 2025. [NEWS1]
International students participate in a giant inflatable ball relay during the 2025 International Student Sports Festival at Daegu University’s Gyeongsan campus on Sept. 26, 2025. According to the Ministry of Education, the number of foreign students in Korea reached 253,000 in 2025.

The government plans to expand its top-tier visa program, which offers residency benefits to attract professors and researchers in advanced scientific fields from abroad. Under the initiative, outstanding talent and their families will receive immediate F-2 residency visas, while the timeline for obtaining permanent residency will be shortened.

The move is timely. In an era of technological rivalry, securing talent is increasingly synonymous with strengthening national competitiveness. Lowering barriers for highly skilled foreign researchers is a forward-looking policy that recognizes this reality.

Yet the current measures are unlikely to be sufficient to address Korea’s worsening shortage of research and development personnel. The country’s twin challenges of rapid population decline and falling interest in science and engineering are no longer future concerns. They are already affecting laboratories and research institutions.

Graduate research labs have reported difficulties recruiting students, forcing some projects to be scaled back or abandoned. In cutting-edge sectors such as AI and humanoid robotics, Korea is struggling to compete with the United States, which attracts talent through vast financial resources, and China, which benefits from an enormous pool of researchers and engineers. Demographic projections suggest the situation will become even more severe in the years ahead.

In many ways, the current labor shortage is the delayed consequence of the aggressive birth-control campaigns pursued during the 1970s and 1980s under the slogan, “Have only two children and raise them well.” To prevent the erosion of the nation’s scientific and technological foundation, Korea must supplement the top-tier visa program with far more ambitious incentives aimed at attracting skilled professionals from overseas.

The focus should not be limited to world-renowned scholars. Korea must also ease restrictions on promising engineers, researchers and technical professionals from Southeast Asia and other countries who can strengthen the backbone of advanced research institutes, startups and industrial firms.

Current requirements often create obstacles for the very companies that need foreign talent most. Strict salary thresholds and career requirements make it difficult for many small- and medium-size enterprises to recruit qualified workers from abroad. Resolving this contradiction should be a priority.

Urgent action is also needed to retain foreign graduate students who have already earned master’s and doctoral degrees at Korean universities. Too many highly educated international students leave for countries such as Japan because of employment and visa barriers. Expanding opportunities for long-term residency and easing work restrictions would help Korea benefit from the talent it has already trained.

The proposed establishment of an immigration agency, a major issue raised by both parties during the presidential campaign, should no longer be delayed. Population decline is often described as a predetermined future. In reality, the greatest danger lies not in demographic change itself but in failing to prepare for its consequences.

외국인 과학인재 톱티어 비자 확대, 문턱 더 낮춰야

정부가 해외 첨단 과학기술 분야 교수와 연구원을 유치하기 위해 정주 혜택을 주는 ‘톱티어 비자’를 확대 시행한다. 최우수 인재와 가족에게 거주(F-2) 비자를 즉시 부여하고 영주권 취득 시한도 단축한다는 방침이다. 기술 패권 경쟁 속에서 인재 확보가 곧 국력인 시대에 해외 인재의 문턱을 낮추는 전향적인 제도를 내놓은 것은 시의적절하다.

하지만 지금의 대책만으로는 심화하는 국가 연구개발(R&D) 인력난을 막아내기에 역부족이다. 대한민국이 직면한 인구 급감과 이공계 기피 위기는 미래의 경고가 아니라 이미 연구 현장을 집어삼킨 현실이다. 대학원 실험실에서는 신입생이 없어 연구 과제를 반납하는 상황이 벌어지고 있다. 당장 인공지능(AI)과 휴머노이드 로봇 등 첨단 분야만 보더라도 자본을 무기로 인재를 빨아들이는 미국, 압도적 인재 풀을 자랑하는 중국과의 경쟁에서 우리가 심각하게 밀리고 있다. 인구추계상 앞으로가 더 심각해질 것은 불 보듯 뻔하다.

지금의 위기는 과거 1970~80년대 정부가 ‘둘만 낳아 잘 기르자’며 공세적으로 폈던 산아 제한 정책의 부메랑이다. 연구 인력 고갈 위기를 이겨내기 위해서는 과학입국의 맥이 끊기기 전에 고급 기술 인력을 국내로 빨아들일 수 있도록, 더욱 과감한 패키지 인센티브가 보태져야 한다.

톱티어 석학뿐 아니라 국내 첨단 연구와 스타트업 현장의 ‘허리’를 지탱할 동남아 등 제3국의 유망한 고급 기술 인재들에 대한 규제도 과감히 풀어야 한다. 까다로운 연봉 기준과 경력 제한에 막혀 정작 필요한 중소·중견기업들이 이들을 채용하지 못하는 모순부터 해결해야 한다. 국내 대학원에서 석·박사를 마친 외국인 엘리트 유학생들이 비자 장벽에 막혀 일본 등지로 떠나지 않도록 취업과 장기 체류 문턱을 전면 낮추는 조치가 시급하다. 지난 대선 기간 여야를 막론하고 핵심 화두로 등장했던 이민청 설립도 더 이상 미루지 말고 전향적으로 추진해야 한다. 인구 문제를 흔히 ‘정해진 미래’라고 하지만, 진짜 위기는 준비하지 않은 국가에 현실로 다가오는 법이다.

This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.