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The lighting of Pohang Steel’s No. 1 blast furnace (KOR)

The ignition of Pohang Steel’s first blast furnace in 1973 became a defining moment in Korea’s industrial rise and a lasting symbol of national resolve.

Park Tae-joon, then chairman of Pohang Iron and Steel Company, and employees cheer as the first molten iron flows from the No. 1 blast furnace at 7:30 a.m. on June 9, 1973, marking the start of steel production at the Pohang steelworks.


Roh Jeong-tae

 

The author is a writer and senior fellow at the Institute for Social and Economic Research. 


On the morning of June 8, 1973, Pohang Iron and Steel Company — now Posco — President Park Tae-joon faced a defining moment. That day marked the first ignition of the company’s newly completed No. 1 blast furnace.
  
Holding a lighting rod in his hand, Park inserted it into the furnace tuyere. Moments later, flames roared to life. The heart of Korea’s steel industry had begun to beat. In the history of the nation’s industrialization, the symbolic significance of that spark rivaled the fire that Prometheus stole from the gods and delivered to humanity in Greek mythology.
 
Steel has long been called the “rice of industry.” Just as cooking rice requires a hearth and a pot, steelmaking requires a mill and a blast furnace. If the steel mill was the hearth, the blast furnace was the pot.
 
Former President Park Chung Hee was firmly committed to building a modern steel industry, but Korea lacked both capital and technical expertise. Despite those obstacles, the steelmaking chief and his employees pressed ahead with extraordinary determination. They famously pledged that if the project failed, they would march to Yeongil Bay and throw themselves into the sea. Their resolve helped complete the steelworks in just three years, far faster than the four to five years normally required.
 
The following dawn, on June 9, the furnace began producing streams of molten iron. Park and his employees celebrated together as red-hot metal poured from the furnace. It was a moment that opened a new chapter in Korea’s industrial development. For that reason, June 9 is now commemorated as “Steel Day.”
 
The No. 1 blast furnace had an internal volume of 1,660 cubic meters (438,525 gallons). Even by the standards of the time, it was not especially large. Compared with today’s giant furnaces, it was only about one-third the size.
 
Yet the small furnace continued producing molten iron for more than 48 years. During its lifetime, it generated 55.2 million tons of molten metal. As that steel flowed into factories, shipyards and construction sites, Korea was transformed. A developing country that ranked outside the world’s top 30 economies by GDP rose into the top tier of global economies.


The achievement remains one of the most remarkable stories of industrialization in modern history. A small nation on the eastern edge of Asia, once under colonial rule, emerged as a leading industrial economy within a generation.
 
“You have achieved a feat that will be remembered in history. To me, you are lifesavers.”
 
Those were the words Park Tae-joon offered to employees after the successful start of production. Many Koreans continue to share that sense of gratitude.
 
The aging furnace eventually fell victim to changing economic realities. Facing growing competition from lower-cost producers in China and other developing countries, the No. 1 blast furnace ceased operations on Dec. 29, 2021.
 
The fire inside the furnace may have gone out, but the spirit it symbolized should not. The spark that helped launch Korea’s industrial rise must continue to burn in new industries and in the hands of future generations.


포항제철 1고로 화입식

노정태 작가·경제사회연구원 전문위원

1973년 6월 8일 오전 박태준 포항제철 사장은 비장했다. 그날은 준공한 제1고로에 처음으로 불씨를 지피는 날이었다. 그의 손에는 점화용 화입봉이 들려 있었다. 화입봉이 풍구에 들어가자 고로에 불이 붙었다. 포항제철의 심장이 뛰기 시작한 것이다. 대한민국 산업화의 역사에서 그 불씨가 지닌 상징성은, 신의 불을 훔쳐 인간에게 전해준 고대 그리스 신화 속 프로메테우스의 불에 비견될 만했다.

철은 ‘산업의 쌀’이다. 밥을 지으려면 부뚜막과 솥이 있어야 한다. 제철소가 부뚜막이라면 고로는 솥이라 할 수 있다. 박정희 대통령의 뜻은 확고했지만 당시 국내의 기술력과 자본은 턱없이 부족했다. 그럼에도 박태준 사장과 임직원들은 “실패할 경우 우향우하여 영일만에 투신한다는 각오”로 달려들어, 통상 4~5년 걸리는 제철소 건설을 3년 만에 끝냈다.

용광로에 불을 붙인 다음 날인 6월 9일 새벽부터 제1고로는 빨갛고 뜨거운 쇳물을 토해냈다. 박 사장과 임직원들은 함께 환호했다. 한국 산업화에 새로운 지평이 열리는 순간이었다. 그래서 6월 9일을 ‘철의 날’로 지정해 기념하고 있다.

내부 용적 1660㎥의 제1고로는 당시 기준으로 보더라도 크지 않았다. 요즘 지어지는 초대형 고로와 비교한다면 3분의 1 정도에 불과했다. 이 작은 고로가 가동 다음 날인 6월 9일부터 48년이 넘도록 쇳물을 생산해냈다. 그렇게 생산된 5520만t의 쇳물이 흐르는 동안 국내총생산(GDP) 기준 세계 30위 바깥의 개발도상국이었던 대한민국은 세계 10위권으로 올라섰다. 식민 지배를 받던 동아시아 끄트머리 작은 나라가 선진국 반열에 올라선 세계사의 기적이었다.

“여러분은 역사에 길이 남을 위업을 이뤄냈고, 나에게는 생명의 은인입니다.” 쇳물 생산 성공 후 박 사장이 임직원에게 한 말이다. 대한민국 국민으로서 품게 되는 마음도 마찬가지다. 작고 낡은 제1고로는 중국과 개도국의 저가 공세에 밀려 2021년 12월 29일로 생산·가동을 종료했다. 제1고로의 불은 꺼졌지만, 그 불씨는 새로운 산업과 다음 세대의 손에서 계속 타올라야 한다.

This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.