Editorials

Tax overhaul backlash tests policy control (KOR)

Public opposition to Korea's tax reform plan is intensifying as confusion, political discord and questions over enforcement force the government to reconsider key measures.

Published
Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Koo Yun-cheol, center, announces the government’s 2026 tax reform plan at the Government Complex Sejong in Sejong on July 30.

The government’s tax reform plan — announced last week — is facing intense backlash. Thousands of public comments have been submitted to the government’s online legislative participation portal over proposed revisions to the Comprehensive Real Estate Holding Tax Act and Income Tax Act. Most oppose higher holding taxes on high-priced homes or shifting capital gains tax deductions from ownership duration to actual residence.

As expected, older residents of high-priced homes in Gangnam District and single-home owners who do not live in their properties are protesting strongly. Annual holding taxes on some ultraexpensive homes could rise by tens of millions of won, potentially becoming unaffordable for older retirees who bought their homes decades ago.

The government proposes capital gains tax relief for older single-home owners who sell homes in the Seoul metropolitan area and move elsewhere. But few would welcome a policy effectively urging them to leave longtime homes for unfamiliar places.

There are also complaints that exemptions for nonresident single-home owners are too restrictive. The government cites schooling, job changes and medical treatment as examples. But some people rent out their homes while living near their children to care for grandchildren, and others must remain abroad for years to study or work.

Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Koo Yun-cheol eventually said that the government will consider applying the exemption requirements as flexibly as possible.

Other controversial measures include reduced tax-saving benefits for individual savings accounts, or ISAs, and relaxed provisions in legislation designed to prevent companies from deliberately depressing their share prices. President Lee Jae Myung criticized the lack of preparation and ordered a comprehensive review.

A president can certainly identify flaws in ministry policies and demand revisions. But the plan had already undergone consultations between the government and ruling party, making presidential criticism just days after its announcement highly unusual.

Even within the Democratic Party, some have told the ministry to “get its act together.” The package presumably had also been coordinated with the presidential office before government-party consultations. That inevitably raises questions about whether the presidential office is properly functioning as the government’s final policy control tower.

The public backlash against the tax overhaul stems largely from its failure to reflect the realities of housing. People who struggled to buy a single home but have no choice but to rent it out while living elsewhere, as well as older retirees without a steady income, risk being treated as speculators and subjected to punitive taxes.

The repercussions are already spreading to tenants in the rental market. The tax changes could trigger broader turmoil in the housing market. The government and ruling party should return to the drawing board and reconsider the tax overhaul from scratch.



엉망이 된 세제개편안, 전면 재검토가 맞다

지난주 발표된 정부 세제개편안의 후폭풍이 거세다. 법제처 국민참여입법센터에 올라온 종합부동산세법과 소득세법 개정안에 대한 의견이 수천 건에 달한다. 세제개편안이 발표되자마자 조세 저항에 가까운 반발이 쏟아지는 것은 전례 없던 일이다.

특히 강남 초고가 주택에 거주하는 고령자와 비거주 1주택자의 반발이 거세다. 일부 초고가 주택은 연간 보유세가 수천만원까지 뛸 수 있어 오래전 집을 산 고령의 은퇴자는 감당하기 어렵다. 투기와 관계없는 고령의 장기 보유자들로선 무거운 징벌적 보유세에 대해 불만이 나올 수밖에 없을 것이다.

직장 변경, 질병 치료 등 정부가 예시한 비거주 1주택자의 예외 사유가 까다롭다는 불만도 있다. 손주 양육을 위해 살던 집을 세 주고 자녀 집 근처 주택을 임차한 이들도 있고, 유학이나 해외 근무로 장기간 집을 비워야 하는 이들도 있다. 사태가 심상치 않자 구윤철 경제부총리도 비거주 예외 요건을 최대한 신축적으로 검토하겠다고 물러섰다.

기존 절세 혜택이 줄어든 개인종합자산관리계좌(ISA)와 입법 취지에 역행하는 듯한 ‘주가 누르기’ 방지법도 청년층의 반발에 부닥쳤다. 결국 이재명 대통령의 질타를 받고 전면 재검토에 들어갔다.

세제 개편은 경제 운용의 큰 축인 데다 이미 당정 협의까지 마쳤다는 점에서 정책 발표 며칠 만에 대통령의 질타를 받는 장면은 매우 이례적이다. 여당 안에서도 “재경부 정신차려라”라는 비판이 나왔다. 당정 협의 이전에 청와대와의 조율도 마무리했을 터인데 이제까지 뭐하고 있다가 뒤늦게 나서는 것인지 납득이 가지 않는 대목이다. 청와대의 정책 컨트롤타워 기능이 제대로 작동하고 있는지 따져볼 필요가 있다.

이번 세제개편안에 국민이 크게 반발하는 것은 주거 현실을 도외시했기 때문이다. 어렵게 장만한 집 한 채를 세 주고 다른 곳에 거주할 수밖에 없는 국민, 은퇴 후 고정 소득이 없는 고령층까지 투기꾼 취급을 받고 징벌적 세금을 맞게 생겼다. 그 여파는 벌써 전월세를 사는 세입자에게도 번지고 있다. 세제가 부동산 대란의 불씨가 될 판이다. 정부와 여당은 지금이라도 세제 개편을 원점에서 재검토하는 게 맞다.

This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.